Well, now to say that your electric bill has doubled since you installed the spa is a little strange.
So if you've got an average bill of $100 per month, it's now up to $200?
To actually prove this, you'd need to put a meter all alone on the spa to accurately measure the true kwh useage.
Question 1. - can I program the unit to have a greater temp range than 1 degree (digital control).
No, unfortunately this is hard coded into the firmware on the board. Mfgr's are quite proud of their software to keep the spa within a very accurate temperature range.
Question 2. - Would filtering once a day for 2 hours be enough.
No. Under the best of circumstances, twice a day for 2 hours each is the lowest that anyone would and could reasonably recommend.
Q-3. should I just install a 220 timer and program on and off time with that unit?
Well, if you want to, you could. But it would need to be a separate box with a 50 amp contactor controlling L1 and L2 to the tub. That said, it is entirely impractical to do it this way, unless of course you're only using it twice a week.
And if that's the case, then I'd just turn off the remote disconnect after you're finished using it for the day, and then turn it back on the day before you want to use it again. Then check your electric bill after doing this for a month to see if it really made a difference.
Yeah that doesn't sound like too great of an option, but I think if you were to accurately measure the true power useage of the spa itself, you might find it's less of a culprit than you think. Of course I could be all out to lunch too!

It's happened before.